How to Talk to Your Doctor About Depression

How to Talk to Your Doctor About Depression Depression Print How to Tell Your Doctor Youre Depressed By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 15, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 10, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids LWA / Dann Tardif / Getty Images If you havent been feeling like yourself and think you might be depressed, speak with your family doctor first if you have one. If you dont have one, then scheduling an appointment with a general practitioner would be a good place to start. The reason for this recommendation is that there are several medical conditions, such as vitamin and mineral deficiencies, hormonal changes, and thyroid conditions  that can cause symptoms similar to depression.?? Its also possible that your depressed feelings could be the result of medication side effects or some other cause. By giving you a thorough checkup, your doctor can rule out any other potential causes of your depression symptoms. In addition, depending upon how your insurance works, it may be necessary to see your primary physician first in order to obtain a referral to a more specialized mental health care provider, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist. Depression Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF What Kind of Doctor Should You See for Your Depression? Asking for Help While you may feel embarrassed to ask for help, it is not necessary to feel this way. Depression is a very common condition and your doctor is already quite familiar with it. It will not seem strange or shameful in any way to your doctor that you are feeling depressed. In addition, you dont need to worry about your friends, family, or employer finding out about your depression. The HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) Privacy Rule prevents your physician from disclosing your private medical information without your permission.?? How to Bring up the Topic of Depression Tell your doctor that you havent been feeling like yourself and you believe that you might be depressed. This will open the door for your doctor to get you the help that you need. Diagnostic Tests to Expect Unfortunately, there isnt currently a definitive lab test that can be used to diagnose depression so your doctor will do a few things. First, your doctor will perform a physical exam and run several different blood tests to rule out other conditions that might be causing your symptoms. Some of the possible tests might include: Complete blood count (CBC)Thyroid function checkCreatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)Liver function checkFasting blood glucoseCholesterolCalcium and magnesium level Next, your doctor may ask you some questions to determine whether you have any possible risk factors for depression. Some of the known risk factors for depression include: Being femaleBeing under stressUndergoing adverse events during childhoodHaving certain personality traitsHaving a family history of depressionNot having many friends or personal relationshipsHaving recently given birthHaving a history of depressionHaving a serious illnessTaking certain prescription medicationsDrug or alcohol use In addition, your doctor may ask you about what symptoms you are experiencing. Among the symptoms they might ask you about are: Feelings of sadness or depressionNot enjoying things like you used toChanges in appetite or weightInsomnia or sleeping more than usualFeeling restlessFeeling extremely tiredFeeling hopelessFeeling worthlessFeeling helplessFeeling guiltyHaving problems thinking, concentrating, or making decisionsThinking frequently about death or suicide Finally, your doctor will supplement all of the information that you provide with their own observations of your behavior. People with depression often exhibit the following signs: Appearing preoccupiedAvoiding eye contactNot remembering things or appearing to have trouble concentratingPacing, wringing their hands, or pulling at their hairAppearing agitatedSpeaking slowly with long pausesSighingMoving slowlyBeing self-deprecatingCrying or appearing sad The Warning Signs of Depression Treatment Options If your doctor has ruled out other possible causes for how you are feeling and feels that your symptoms and history are indicative of depression, they will either opt to treat you using antidepressant medications or they may instead refer you to a mental health professional such as a psychiatrist or psychotherapist (or both). Psychiatrists have specialized training and expertise with using medications to treat depression and mental illness while psychotherapists specialize in using talk therapy to help you with your depression. A combination of the two approaches is often the best way to treat depression. Psychotherapy There are a number of different types of psychotherapy that can be effective in the treatment of depression. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a short-term approach (often between 5 and 15 sessions) that focuses on identifying negative thought patterns, replacing them with more helpful ones, and learning new coping strategies. Interpersonal therapy (IPT) is short-term like CBT and focuses on identifying problems in relationships and then improving how people relate and communicate with others.   Medications Your doctor or psychiatrist may also prescribe some type of medication to treat your depression. Some of the different types of antidepressants that your doctor or psychiatrist may prescribe include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Prozac (fluoxetine) and Zoloft (sertraline), which act to increase the amount of serotonin in the brain.Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as Effexor (venlafaxine) and Cymbalta (duloxetine), which increase the amount of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) such as Norpramin (desipramine) and Elavil (amitriptyline) are a type of older medication that, while not often used as a first-choice treatment, may be helpful when other types of antidepressants have not been effective.   Antidepressants usually begin to work within two to four weeks, although it may take as long as 12 weeks for them to reach full effectiveness.?? The 5 Major Classes of Antidepressants Self-Care Self-care is an important part of depression treatment, and there are a number of things that you can do that will complement your other treatments.   Get plenty of sleep. Research has found that there is a complex relationship between sleep and depression. Sleep disturbances are common symptoms of depression, and studies suggest that there may be a reciprocal relationship between them. Poor sleep increases the risk of depression, and depression then leads to an increased risk of reduced sleep quality.?? Exercise regularly. Research suggests that regular physical activity can be effective in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. In more moderate to severe cases, exercise can be a beneficial complement to medication and therapy.?? Eat a healthy diet. While researchers are still working to understand the link between diet and depression, there is little doubt that eating well can improve health and well-being. One 2017 study found symptoms of depression decreased when people had nutritional counseling and following a healthier diet for 12 weeks.?? There is no specific diet to relieve depression symptoms, but focusing on a varied diet that includes whole fresh foods and plenty of fruits and vegetables is a good place to start.   Alternative and Complementary Medicine Complementary medicine may also have beneficial effects on well-being when used in conjunction with psychotherapy and medication. Acupuncture, meditation, light therapy, and herbal supplements are some alternative options that you might consider.?? You should always talk to your doctor before you try any type of alternative treatment. In the case of some herbal supplements, for example, you and your doctor need to consider possible drug interactions if you are currently taking or plan on taking antidepressants. A Word From Verywell   While it might feel difficult at first to talk to your doctor about your feelings of depression, having this discussion is an important first step toward improving your well-being. Tell your doctor that you have been feeling down and that you suspect you might be depressed. Your doctor can then rule out or treat any underlying medical conditions that might be contributing to your symptoms and recommend appropriate treatments. Starting this conversation can help you get the help and support that you need to start feeling better.

The Misunderstanding About Native Americans And Americans

The Misunderstanding About Native Americans and Americans Within the nineteenth century, many Americans saw Native Americans as heathens that occupied land. These people saw the land as theirs because of how they fought to become independent. They also claimed that the Native Americans did not claim land or have a concept of property. Others understood that it was wrong to take the land forcefully. These people understood the land was not rightfully theirs for the taking. It is also perceived that all Americans disliked Native Americans. When in fact there were people who sympathized the natives. They wanted to live in peace and not war. Although, they still believed Indians were below them and had ideas of reserves. Looking at history,†¦show more content†¦That the United States should not come barging in. Another suggestion was reserves. People on both sides, whether they supported or opposed Native Americans, tended to support this. They did not know this would be bad. In July 1847, Henry Nagle wrote a letter and he said,  "I would respectively call your attention to the necessity of publishing some decree forbidding all persons from trespassing upon the indians†. It does not say anything about a reserve or even hint at one, but it shows how Americans would cause problems with Indians. Because of these issues, some felt it necessary to move Native Americans to this land that had been set aside and out of their way. Reserves, in a way, were the easiest and simplest way to deal with them. Another letter comes from, Edward A. Stevenson, an Indian Agent in 1855 who said, â€Å"Their situation as it is is truly a pitiful one, and calls aloud for action on the part of the Government. They are desirous to know when the policy of the U.S. will be extended to them, and I think there will be no trouble in removing them to reserves†. The situation he is referring to is one of Native Americans living horribly and hopes to help them. It seems the some report is true on the behalf of him specifying an actual location. Again, while Stevenson is not trying to move them out of the way, he is trying to help them. Stevenston believes this is the best way since they cannot help themselves. It is ironic since Indians live off the land, andShow MoreRelatedMascots : An Honor Or An Insult?1352 Words   |  6 PagesMascots: An honor or an insult? The idea of using Native American names and images in sports has been a topic of public controversy in the United States since the 1960’s. Sports mascots that continue to promote racial, cultural, or bias slurs should be changed so that racial discrimination can be stopped and everyone can be treated equally/fairly. In today’s society, there is no room for racism or stereotypes especially in sports; an activity that is supposed to bring people together to supportRead MoreAssimilation: The Drawbacks of Cross-Cultural Misunderstandings1529 Words   |  7 PagesThe author of the book, The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures, Anne Fadiman exhibits a story about the collision between two cultures and the way things affected the character’s lives. The main character, Lia, is found grasped in a dilemma within her family’s culture and the American lifestyle. Since a baby, Lia suffered form epileptic seizures, which were viewed as a positive trait for the Hmong community; those people whoRead MoreThe Unjustified Removal Of Native Americans1434 Words   |  6 PagesThe Unjustified Removal of Native Americans In The United States I don t feel we did wrong in taking this great country away from them. 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These distinctive literatures, eminent in both oral performances and in the imagination of written narratives, cannot be discovered in reductive social science translations or altogether understood in the historical constructions ofRead MoreNative American’s, Stereotypes, Discrimination, and Ethnocentrism1000 Words   |  4 Pages but Native American cultures are more misunderstood and degraded than any other race. College and high school mascots sometimes depict images of Native Americans and have names loosely based on Native American descent, but these are often not based on actual Native American history, so instead of honoring Native Americans, they are being ridiculed. According to the article Warriors Survive Attack, by Cathy Murillo (2009) some â₠¬Å"members of the Carpentaria community defended Native American mascotRead MoreThe Columbian Exchange : The Transatlantic Exchange Of Plants, Animals, And Ideas876 Words   |  4 Pagespeoples of Europe and the Native American tribes. The exchange began with the arrival of Columbus in 1492 and continued throughout expansion and colonization. While trade and exchange between the two worlds was essential to the existence of both Europeans and the Native Americans, it was the unforeseen circumstances and unseen biology that inevitably doomed the population of the Native American tribes. What was a source of commerce and trade was also a source of â€Å"misunderstanding and mistrust†. (1) OneRead MoreStereotyping Of The Native Americans1620 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Native Americans in the 1820’s and 1830’s For Americans moving west in the 1820 s and 30 s there was a little actual knowledge of what the frontier would be like when they arrived. There was a lot of presumption about the Indians. Many felt, through the stories they heard, that they had sufficient information to know what the Indians would truly be like and how to respond to them. 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Cadbury Brand And Marketing Strategies Essay - 3826 Words

Why this brand / product is chosen by the group Our group chose Cadbury as Cadbury is one of the leading confectionary brands around the world and they have a long history of making chocolates. Cadbury also has a few advertisements and marketing strategies that we can work with and we would like to find out the secret behind Cadbury’s overwhelming popularity. Company’s background and information Cadbury is a multinational confectionary company and has its roots in Birmingham, United Kingdom. It was founded as a grocer’s shop in 1824 by John Cadbury where he also sold cocoa and drinking chocolate before becoming a commercial brand. His brother, Benjamin joined him in his business in 1847 after expansion but their partnership was dissolved in 1860s as they hit a low point. The business was then passed down to his sons, Richard and George after he had retired due to poor health. From a family-run business, it merged with Quaker confectioner J.S. Fry and Sons Ltd in 1919 before briefly merging with Schwepps in 1969 and demerged in 2008. It was then bought by Krafts Food in 2010. Currently, Cadbury is owned by Mondelez International. Some of their most well-known products are Dairy Milk chocolate, followed by the Crà ¨me Egg and Roses boxed chocolates. The iconic Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate was made by George Cadbury Jnr and launched in June 1905 which remains a huge success even today. As at 2010, Cadbury is the second largest confectionary company globally, behindShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy of Nestle vs Cadbury1313 Words   |  6 PagesASSIGNMENT ON MARKETING STRATEGY OF NESTLE VS CADBURY (COMPARATIVE) [pic] PRESENTED BY: SWATI SAXENA SWATI SINGH URVASHI DUBEY TASMIYA Group:33 MANAGEMET OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SHRI RAMSWAROOP GROUP OF PROFESSIONAL COLLEGES What is marketing strategy? Marketing strategy  is defined by  David Aaker  as a process that can allow an organizationRead MoreBranding and brand management: Cadbury1228 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a brand? A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them form those of competitors Essentially a marketers promise is to deliver a specific set of features, benefits and services consistently to the buyers Cadburys best tasting chocolate constitutes the main ingredient of much of these products including everything from solid blocks to chocolate filled barsRead MoreCadbury1549 Words   |  7 Pagese.) Marketing Strategies: Cadbury Dairy milk is in the mature stage of the product life cycle, the reason being is that it is a well-established product since 1905. The maturity point is generally reached when about half the potential users have adopted the product. Since Cadbury Dairy Milk is Australia’s favourite chocolate, it is safe to say that there is already consumer trust and loyalty to the brand. However customers still need continued satisfaction and loyalty, built on lower cost, differentiationRead MoreSnapple Case Study948 Words   |  4 PagesSnapple’s brand equity was driven by how unique and popular the product became almost immediately. By 1994, it had grown substantially and was known as a popular and user friendly â€Å"ready-to-drink† beverage. The huge growth Snapple was able to achieve was due in part to the almost cultish fan base that Snapple developed. For example, a family in New Jersey even gave their son the middle name Snapple. 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Add MediaVisualText Free Essays

IMPORTANCE OF PARTNERSHIP When parents and practitioners work together it has a positive impact on children’s development and learning. This can be achieved through communication, learning together (e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Add MediaVisualText or any similar topic only for you Order Now actively involving fathers) and respecting diversity. Be sure to send a text to parent(s) during the day should their child say/do something cute or just to let them know that you’re both having fun together. You could even send them a picture of the delicious pizza their child just created, for example. Parents then feel included and have peace of mind knowing that their child is happy and healthy. First impressions last and so carers, making you and your home warm and welcoming will immediately put parents at ease. Likewise, parents should also be neat and presentable when meeting a prospective childcarer. A two-way flow of information and knowledge between parents and carers ensure effective communication. Having posters and pictures on display which reiterate the carer’s positive attitude towards social and cultural diversity as state in their Equal Opportunities policy will not only give parents a feel for the environment that their children will be in, but also help children and families to recognise that they are valued. Routines are very important for children as they like to know when certain things are going to happen i. e. mealtimes, sleep time, drop-off and collection etc. – they’re key to establishing a sense of stability and care for children and allowing them to master their environment. Wherever possible, all routines should fit in with parents’ wishes (i. e. attitudes re TV, food and sleeping) and should meet the child’s needs. i. e. incorporating child’s interests in nature by collecting leaves/flowers/sticks/stones on walks and perhaps creating a piece of art with them. Make sure routines are based on each individual child and their specific interests/needs. All children develop different stages at different time, but the general sequence of milestones is the same. This means you’ll need to constantly adapt some routines to accommodate the changing needs of children as they develop. For example, as boys get older they really need a lot more physical activity to burn off the energy they have and so more ball games or longer outdoor activities may be required. Upon arrival in the mornings greet each child individually with a warm voice and smile. Mention or comment on something specific that they’re wearing or carrying. Throughout the day listen to them and don’t rush daily tasks. This will make them feel important and cared for. Sources: Riddall-Leech, S, Home-based Childcare pg 131, Essex, Heinemann EYFS 2008 2. 2 Parents as Partners, Communication How to cite Add MediaVisualText, Papers

The Gator Game Essay Example For Students

The Gator Game Essay My cultural event is the time I went to a college football game. I took a trip to Gainesville to watch the University of Florida football game. This event was one of the most memorable events of my life. I am a true, die heart Florida Gator fan, so to have the opportunity to witness the Gators play and step into the Swamp was unbelievable. The Gators were taking on LSU, which happens to be my favorite team beside the Florida Gators. This game took place on Saturday October 11th, 2014. This game contained extreme excitement which made this event change my life. We will write a custom essay on The Gator Game specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I got to feel a rush like no other, and the best part was every other fan there felt the same feeling. It all began, driving down the highway speeding down the highway, en route to Gainesville, Florida. I was amazed at how many Florida Gator car tags and stickers I seen that were on cars all the way to Gainesville. Surprisingly, the drive there was not very long. The traffic flowed the whole way, no stops in traffic made it a smooth drive. I felt so anxious on the way up not knowing what to expect. About an hour in a half had passed and we were finally in Gainesville. As we traveled the roads to the stadium you could see people walking all over the place. It reminded me of how someone explains New York City in the winter. Anxiously awaiting, I began to ask the famous question â€Å"are we there yet? † I repeatedly heard the answer â€Å"no† as I asked again, I heard something different. I heard â€Å"yes. † As we drove around looking for the parking spot, my eyes caught something so familiar. My eyes were staring at nothing but orange and blue. Every way you look you seen and orange shirt then you turn around you see a blue shirt. I was amazed at how many people rep there school to the fullest. As I admired all the people I realized we drove around for about ten minutes turning on every street looking for a spot. As we finally arrived to a spot my excitement shot through the roof. I knew the time was near, something I had dreamed about my whole life. As we began walking to the stadium, I was taken back to hear that we were going to have to walk for about twenty minutes till we reached the stadium. The time seemed to fly, when we met up with a couple of friends and walked to the stadium. The most comforting thing was that you didn’t have to feel as if you were an outcast because everybody had on the same thing, a Florida Gator shirt. As we approached the entrance, I could hear the band playing and the crowd beginning to rumble. I got the sense that I had arrived at the perfect time. Now in the stadium, I was on the way searching for my seat. After finding my seat on the map we stopped to get something to eat and then headed to our seats. As I arrived at my seat I realized how lucky I was. My seat was right in the center of the field behind the players and away from the blazing sun. It began with the band playing getting the crowd involved then they proceeded to begin playing the national anthem. After that the players came on the field and the game had finally begun. What I thought would always be a dream had finally came true, I was witnessing the best college in the world play my favorite sport. What more could I ask for. As the game progressed, I had learned all the different songs that they play throughout the game. The band was great, they continuously kept us involved even when things didn’t go in our favor. The student section was able to have a continuous wave go around the stadium multiple times which was very impressive. Even though the game didn’t go as planned, I still enjoyed myself. Every time we would have a big break or score a touchdown the whole stadium would cheer. .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c , .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c .postImageUrl , .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c , .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c:hover , .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c:visited , .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c:active { border:0!important; } .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c:active , .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud3759d59f216e53e1c5c40c583f7b63c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Computer Security And The Law EssayI met numerous amount of people around me, who I would high five and laugh with every time something good happened. They were genuine people who had come for the same enjoyment and excitement that I had waited so long to experience. The atmosphere that surrounded the Swamp made me never want to leave. My favorite part of the entire trip had to be towards the end of the game when we song the alma mater. This was when we all stood an interlocked arms, this part of the game made me feel as if I was now forever apart of the Gator family and that I always had a place in the Swamps heart. This experience was truly a once in a lifetime. I will remember this as long as I live due to the fact that I bleed orange and blue. Now that I belong to the Swamp, I feel like Florida Gators number one fan. I can’t wait until I return to the Swamp and relive that experience. The connections I made with people within hours showed me how small things like being a fan can make you meet new people and form impersonal relationships quickly. After that experience I am proud to say â€Å"It’s great to be a Florida Gator! †

Wear Leveling Example

Wear Leveling Example Wear Leveling – Coursework Example Wear leveling as it relates to USB and SSD devices And how it effects the devices as it relates to digital forensics and hashingWear Leveling is a processing technique implemented in a processing unit to restore and mange erasable space in storage media of a computer system. It basically enhances quality of services for SSDs, USB drives in respect to flash memory. However, this technique is used in diverse ways according to the requirement and levels of the flash memory and to improve its durability in respect to the memory space in the unit. It prolongs the service life of memory drives and caters storage issues of temporary memory (Compardo et al, 2014, 309). SSDs and USB have integral flash memories, which can exhaust if the temporal data is written multiple times. Wear leveling technique enables uniform distribution of data writing transversely on other storage media in the system as well, so to prevent data writing on the same place and multiple times. However, Wear leveling alw ays affect secure-erase-programs, as it permanently deletes and modify data on storage devices. Likewise, SSD is fundamentally different from HDD in its structure and functions. It is motionless, can be accessed in less time and has firm resistance against jolt and vibration. However, techniques like wear leveling impact on forensic analysis of SSDs. As, integrally SSD is programmed by wear leveling technique to delete all the temporary data. This makes it impossible to retain deleted data by the digital forensics, whether the memory drive was imaged or write-blocked. Secondly, SSD has this peculiar characteristic to modify its data automatically after it has been imaged, which inaugurates hash value inconsistencies and also becomes a cause of corruption of data. Finally, encoded or encrypted SSD will never allow digital forensics to obtain any significant or meaningful data in the first place (Shimeal & Spring, 2014).  References:Top of FormCampardo, G., Tiziani, F., & Iaculo, M. (2014).  Memory Mass Storage. Berlin: Springer Berlin.Top of FormShimeall, T., & Spring, J. M. (2014).  Introduction to information security: A strategic-based approach.Bottom of FormBottom of Form

Son of Sam - Killer David Berkowitz

Son of Sam - Killer David Berkowitz David Berkowitz, better known as Son of Sam and the .44 Caliber Killer, is an infamous 1970s New York City serial killer who killed six people and wounded several others. His crimes became legendary because of the bizarre content in the letters that he wrote to the police and the media and his reasons for committing the attacks. With the police feeling the pressure to catch the killer, Operation Omega was formed, which was comprised of over 200 detectives; all working on finding the Son of Sam before he killed again. Berkowitzs Childhood Born Richard David Falco,  June 1, 1953, he was adopted by Nathan and Pearl Berkowitz. The family lived in a middle-class home in the Bronx. The couple loved and doted on their son yet Berkowitz grew up feeling rejected and scorned because of being adopted. His size and appearance did not help matters. He was larger than most of the kids his age and not particularly attractive. His parents were not social people and Berkowitz followed in that path, developing a reputation for being a loner. Berkowitz Was Plagued With Guilt and Anger Berkowitz was an average student and did not show any particular flair for any one subject. He did, however, develop into a decent baseball player which became his main outside activity. Around the neighborhood, he had a reputation for being hyper and a bully. Believing his natural mother died while giving birth to him was the source of intense guilt and anger inside Berkowitz. Some believe it was the reason for his anti-social and aggressive behavior as a child. The Death of His Mother Pearl Berkowitz had a reoccurrence with breast cancer and died in 1967. Berkowitz was devastated and became severely depressed. He viewed his mother’s death as a master plot designed to destroy him. He began to fail in school and spent most of his time alone. When his father remarried in 1971, his new wife did not get along with the young Berkowitz, and the newlyweds moved to Florida leaving 18-year-old Berkowitz behind. Berkowitz Reunites With His Birth Mother Berkowitz joined the army and after a disastrous three years, he left the service. During that time, he had his one and only sexual experience with a prostitute and caught a venereal disease. When he returned home from the army, he found out his natural mother was still alive and that he had a sister. There was a brief reunion, but eventually, Berkowitz stopped visiting. His isolation, fantasies, and paranoid delusions were now in full force. Driven by Demons On Christmas Eve 1975, Berkowitz’s â€Å"demons† drove him out into the streets with a hunting knife to find a victim to kill. Later he confessed to plunging his knife into two women, one which could not be confirmed. The second victim, 15-year-old Michelle Forman, survived the attack and was treated for six knife wounds. Soon after the attacks, Berkowitz moved out of the Bronx to a two-family home in Yonkers. It was in this home that the Son of Sam would be created. Howling dogs in the neighborhood kept Berkowitz from sleeping and in his deranged mind, he turned their howls into messages from demons that were ordering him to go kill women. He later said that in an attempt to quiet the demons, he began to do what they asked. Jack and Nann Cassara owned the home and in time Berkowitz became convinced that the quiet couple was in truth, part of the demon conspiracy, with Jack being General Jack Cosmo, commander in chief of the dogs that tormented him. When he moved away from the Cassaras into an apartment on Pine Street, he failed to escape the controlling demons. His new neighbor, Sam Carr, had a black Labrador named Harvey, who Berkowitz believed was also possessed. He eventually shot the dog, but that did not offer him relief because he had come to believe that Sam Carr was possessed by the most powerful demon of them all, possibly Satan himself. Nightly the demons screamed at Berkowitz to go kill, their thirst for blood unquenchable. The Arrest of the Son of Sam Berkowitz was eventually caught after receiving a parking ticket at the time and near the place of the Moskowitz murder. That evidence along with letters he wrote to Carr and the Cassaras, his military background, his appearance, and an arson incident, led police to his door. When he was arrested he immediately surrendered to police and identified himself as Sam, telling the police, Well, youve got me. After being evaluated, it was determined that he could stand trial. Berkowitz stood trial in August 1978 and pled guilty to six murders. He received 25 years to life for each of the murders. Berkowitzs Crime Spree July 29, 1976 – Jody Valenti and Donna Lauria were shot as they sat talking in a parked car outside Donna’s apartment. Lauria died instantly from a gunshot wound to her neck. Valenti survived the attack.October 23, 1976 – Carl Denaro and Rosemary Keenan were shot while sitting in Denaro’s parked car. Both survived, but Carl was struck in the head by one of the bullets.November 26, 1976 – Donna DeMasi and 18-year-old Joanne Lomino were walking near Joanne’s home after a late movie. Berkowitz followed them briefly, then shot them. Donna survived without suffering permanent physical harm, but Joanne was paralyzed for life.January 30, 1977 – 26-year-old Christine Freund and her fiance John Diel were shot as they sat in a parked car. Christine died and John Diel survived the attack.March 8, 1977 – Virginia Voskerichian, a Barnard College honor student was shot and killed while walking home from class.April 17, 1977 – 18-year-o ld Valentina Suriani and her 20-year-old boyfriend Alexander Esau, were shot twice. Both died as a result of gunshot wounds. Berkowitz left a letter at the scene, signed â€Å"Son of Sam.† June 26, 1977 – Judy Placido and Sal Lupu were shot while leaving a disco. Both survived although Judy was shot three times.July 31, 1977 – Bobby Violante and Stacy Moskowitz were shot in the car while parked at a lover’s lane. Stacy died from a gunshot wound to her head and Bobby lost vision in one eye and partial vision in the other eye. The Ressler Interview In 1979, Berkowitz was interviewed by FBI veteran, Robert Ressler. Berkowitz admitted that he invented the â€Å"Son of Sam† stories so that if caught he could convince the court that he was insane. He said the real reason he killed was because he felt resentment toward his mother and his failures with women. He found killing the women to be sexually arousing. Throat Slashed On  July 10, 1979, Berkowitz was giving out water to the other inmates in his section when another inmate,  William E.  Hauser, attacked him with a razor blade and slashed his throat. Berkowitz was too afraid to cooperate with the investigation despite that it nearly cost him his life. Hausers name was not released to the public until 2015 when the for Attica superintendent James Conway revealed it. Serving His Time Berkowitz is currently serving a life sentence at the maximum-security Shawangunk Correctional Facility in Wallkill after being transferred from Sullivan Correctional Facility in Fallsburg, New York where he spent several years. Since entering prison, he has become a member of the Jews for Jesus religious group. Berkowitz had refused to attend any of his parole hearings since he became eligible for possible release in 2002. However, in May 2016 he changed his mind and attended his parole hearing. Berkowitz, 63 at the time, told the parole board, â€Å"I was constantly putting myself out there to help other individuals, with kindness and compassion,† he said. â€Å"I mean, I feel that’s my life’s calling, all these years. My evaluations, and so forth, should show that to be true. I’ve done a lot of good and positive things, and I thank God for that.† He was denied parole again and his next hearing is scheduled for May 2018. Today Berkowitz is a born-again Christian and described as a model prisoner.